Glutathione (abbreviation: GSH) is a tripeptide containing gamma-amide bonds and sulfhydryl groups, consisting of glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine, and is present in almost every cell of the body. Glutathione helps to maintain normal immune system function and has antioxidant and integrative detoxifying effects. Glutathione is available in both reduced (G-SH) and oxidized (G-S-S-G) forms, with reduced glutathione predominating under physiological conditions.

To obtain scientific information on the existence of a link between glutathione deficiency and viral infections, including novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection, its risk factors, mechanisms and clinical manifestations, a literature search was conducted between Pubmed and Google Scholar publications (2020.04.15). More than one hundred original papers and reviews were found and analyzed and four cases of COVID-19 of different ages were observed by medical doctors.

The antiviral effect of glutathione is non-specific, as reduced glutathione (GSH) is known to inhibit the replication of various types of viruses, so it is reasonable to believe that glutathione also has an inhibitory effect on novel coronaviruses.

Oral N-acetylcysteine may be used as a prophylactic measure against viral infections, and intravenous glutathione precursor or reduced glutathione (with high bioavailability of reduced glutathione) may be effective options against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in critically ill patients. Of course, clinical trials are still needed at this stage to objectively assess the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine and reduced glutathione in the treatment and prevention of this novel viral infection.

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